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Category: Pills

Michael Gove reviews The Fix

Extracts from today’s five-star review of The Fix by Britain’s Education Secretary in The Mail on Sunday

…. for the most edgy of today’s writers, the battle zones they want to explore are not foreign fields but their own bodies.

Whether it’s been Irvine Welsh’s exploration of the effect of heroin on a young Edinburgh hedonist, Bill Clegg’s chronicle of a gilded American yuppie’s descent into drug abuse, James Frey’s invented memoir A Million Little Pieces or, most impressive of all, Edward St Aubyn’s Patrick Melrose novels, addiction has become the new enemy with which the bravest of our youth dare to do battle.

Damian Thompson, too, has visited the most dangerous parts of that battlefield. And in this wonderfully honest, perceptive book he makes clear that addiction, like war, is Hell.

He spares us nothing from his own experience as an alcoholic and prescription-drug abuser. He is not inviting us to admire his outré bohemian past or his attempt to reach the palace of wisdom via the road-of-excess Rioja. He is painfully honest about the sadness – in both senses of the word – of working your way through bottles of red wine on your own, waking up not knowing in whose house you’ve been incubating a hangover, and then looking forward to the buzz later from a special sleeping pill.

Thompson’s skill as a reporter, and moral courage as a man, is on display throughout this book in his pitiless account of his own weakness. But even more impressive than this is his insightful analysis. Having reflected so honestly and unsparingly on his own addiction, he is in a strong position to see how addiction is warping society.

He knows that many of those offering help to addicts are also selling an ideology. He sees through the 12-steps theology of Alcoholics Anonymous, which regards addiction as a disease, thus robbing the individual of free will and control over their own lives. Thompson shows brilliantly that indulgence in intoxicants – whether Vietnamese heroin or Hogarth’s gin – has as much to do with the mores of your peer-group as it does with any in-built condition or ‘disease’ of the mind. But, more importantly, he also sees through the little lies we all tell ourselves about our tastes and habits, and discerns the patterns of addictive behaviour beneath …

Thompson shows how the upsurge in recreational use of prescription drugs, easier access to pornography, the ubiquity and sophistication of computer games and even the substitution of sugar-rich muffins (really a massive lump of cake) for a slice of toast at breakfast are all feeding guilty appetites …

Thompson’s book is at once blackly funny, intellectually serious and compellingly readable, but it does not make many recommendations as to what steps we might take to reverse these unhappy trends.

He knows that if the addict is to recover, the first step is to acknowledge the scale of the problem. It is for each of us to take responsibility for our own recovery.


Posted in: Booze, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

India panics as middle-class kids discover party drugs

Last Saturday night, Indian police raided a party in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad. They came away with 14 grams of cocaine, 10 packets of cube LSD, 10 small pills of micro LSD, five grams of MDMA drug and four LSD dots. And this was a party of just 15 young people, not some sort of rave. The Times of India is running with the headline: “Middle-class youth addicted to affordable drugs”. It’s the “middle-class” part that constitutes the story. Banjara Hills houses some of India’s richest young people – but these were youths from lower down the social ladder:

After the crackdown on the city’s cocaine nexus curbed the supply of the potent drug in the party circles, the cheaper MDMA and LSD have become the dope in demand among the city’s druggies. And it’s not just youngsters from the elite circles of the city who are hooked to drugs anymore. The affordable MDMA and LSD have become the drugs of choice among the middle class too. Anurag Sharma, Commissioner of Police, says, “The city trend is now that youngsters are taking to MDMA and LSD. MDMA in the original state is white crystalline powder and is called Ecstasy when sold as pills. Because it’s more affordable when compared to coke, it has caught the fancy of youngsters from all social strata. Earlier, only the city’s upper class was into drugs, but now the growing trend is that even youngsters from middle class families have become habitual drug abusers.”

This is how the globalisation of addiction, one of the themes of The Fix, takes hold: in small shifts up and down the social ladder, in a leap of a mile or two from village houses to villas, or vice versa.

India has at least four million drug addicts – and the number is growing: once recreational drugs penetrate lower-income communities, the total could number tens of millions. The Indian middle class is growing extremely fast, creating disorientation, new wealth and an appetite for sensation-seeking. For a drug baron, that’s the perfect emerging market.

Here’s more on the subject, from my Telegraph blog.


Posted in: Drugs, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

Painkillers United: will our sportsmen become opiate junkies?

The Mail reports that a huge proportion of footballers are swallowing painkillers before matches – indeed, that nearly 40 per cent of players in the 2010 World Cup did so:

England’s footballers could be among those putting their careers and their health at risk at the European Championship over what has been described as painkiller ‘abuse’ by FIFA’s chief medical officer.

The British Journal of Sports Medicine has labelled it ‘potential disastrous practice’ but the Football Association refused to be drawn on the issue, even though the comments made by Dr Jiri Dvorak apply to all 16 nations in Poland and Ukraine.

In a study Dvorak found that 39 per cent of players at the 2010 World Cup were taking pain medication prior to every game; in particular anti- inflammatories that enable a footballer to play with an existing injury.

I wonder how many of these painkillers are opiate-based – and how many footballers develop a dependence on pills. I’m not denying that sports injuries can be agonising; but the use of painkillers as a preventative measure is closely related to the use of tranquillisers to ward off rather than treat anxiety. As The Fix emphasises, medication is just as potent a source of addiction as risk-taking experimentation.

The question is: once these footballers retire, will they keep themselves topped up with Nurofen Plus (or something stronger) in order to treat minor aches – and, perhaps, to continue enjoying that soothing opiate high? Here’s a warning note from America:

Doctors are seeing an increase in the number of current and former NFL players who are either addicted or physically dependent on painkillers. One doctor who treats athletes with addiction problems says pain medications are “10 times more common in sports than steroids.”

Prescription narcotics fall into the category of opioids, which include powerful drugs like morphine, codeine and heroin. Opioids attach to receptors in the central nervous system and prevent the brain from receiving pain messages. They also produce feelings of euphoria, and a”high” that many people using these drugs begin to crave. Long-term use of opioids, however, can alter immune system function and, ironically, increase pain sensitivity. Athletes often build up a tolerance to a given dose of the medication, thereby requiring more and more of the drug to get the same effect.


Posted in: Drugs, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

India is fast turning into the new playground for Big Pharma

New drugs are pouring on to the streets of India without having undergone proper clinical trials. That’s what the journal Nature is claiming and it doesn’t surprise me in the least. In fact, welcome to the future. Here’s a quote from the story:

India’s drug-regulatory system is failing in its job, according to a report from an Indian parliamentary committee. The report found evidence that pharmaceutical companies exploit loopholes in Indian law and sometimes collude with the drug-regulatory authority to get licences for their products without adequate tests being done.

The result?

As part of its analysis, the [Indian] parliamentary committee reviewed the approval process for 42 randomly selected drugs, most of which were awarded licences between 2004 and 2010. Documentation for three of the drugs — which the report describes as “controversial” because they are not licensed for use in most Western nations — was missing, and 11 of the remaining 39 had been licensed apparently without undergoing phase III clinical trials.

As I mention in The Fix, Big Pharma is scared of developing psychotropic drugs because so many of them – tranquillisers, anti-depressants, cognitive enhancers – have side-effects that trigger lawsuits. But could the developing world act as a laboratory for testing these medicines?

A point to remember: there are illicit labs all over the developing world which produce fake or rip-off pharmaceutical drugs that cross the medication/recreation barrier. They put pressure on major companies to meet demand (without being sued out of existence, of course). The situation is getting messier by the day.

Here’s an important question. India has a fast-rising population of 1.2 billion. By the time it reaches 2 billion, how many Indians will be taking licit or illicit pills for medical and/or recreational purposes?


Posted in: Drugs, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

Pumping kids full of drugs: is this the future of education?

Did you see those Chinese schoolchildren hooked up to drips while they were studying? I’ve got a piece in today’s Daily Telegraph which points out that much more far-reaching “cognitive enhancement” in happening in schools and universities in the West – and spreading.

The creepiest image published this week shows Chinese teenagers hooked up to IV drips in a classroom, feeding amino acids into their bloodstreams so they can concentrate harder on their National College Entrance Exam. The school, in Xiaogong, central China, is unapologetic. Parents ask for the drips, it says, because otherwise their children become exhausted swotting for examinations that will determine the course of their lives.

It’s easy to jump to conclusions. Those ruthless Asians! So this is where the “tiger mom” thing leads – to a jab of the needle to make sure the homework gets done and your son or daughter ends up working for a bank rather than assembling iPhones and thinking about topping themselves.

But hang on. In America between 2003 and 2007, the number of parent-reported cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) increased by nearly a quarter. That’s a million extra children taking medicines far, far stronger than amino acids.

Let’s leave aside the sensitive question of whether ADHD is real. Instead, we should ask: how many of the millions of Ritalin and Adderall pills handed out for ADHD are taken by students who weren’t prescribed them, but who have traded them from friends or siblings?

Attention-deficit pills are popular with young people for two reasons. First, since most of them are amphetamine-based, they can give you a nice buzz. Second, you can be cognitively “normal” and still find your concentration magically boosted. Which is handy, if you’re just about to sit SATs or college exams.

Last summer I sat in the canteen of one of America’s most expensive universities. I was interviewing a professor for The Fix about the use of doping as a study-enhancing tool. He said there was a lot of it about. But I could have worked that out for myself, because in the background we could hear college kids discussing how much Adderall they’d need to finish their term papers.

The rest of the article is here. And for a discussion of Oxbridge students swallowing modafinil, see The Fix.


Posted in: Drugs, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

Britain’s addiction to sleeping pills: how much of this is zopiclone?

The Mail claims today that Britain is addicted to sleeping pills:

Britain has become a nation of sleeping pill addicts since the start of the  economic downturn, figures revealed yesterday.

Stress-related insomnia has been blamed for a sharp increase in the number of people prescribed powerful drugs to help them sleep.

The annual cost to the NHS of handing out the pills has risen by a sixth in the past three years to nearly £50 million.

According to the paper, figures obtained from health trusts under a freedom of information request reveal that in 2011 15.3 million prescriptions were handed out for sleeping pills, compared with 14.5million in 2007/8. Last year the NHS spent £49.2 million on such drugs, up from £42 million three years previously.

I’d like to know what proportion of this was spent on zopiclone, a Rhône-Poulenc drug often sold under the brand name Zimovane. Most of my friends with sleeping problems are given zopiclone, originally considered less addictive than the benzodiazepines. Well, I got addicted to it, as I describe in The Fix. It wasn’t a fun experience, at least after some initial euphoric feelings: it felt “dirtier” than Valium and certainly produced a poor quality of sleep.

Zopiclone has also become a street drug, as I describe in the book:

A report by Dr Russell Newcombe published in 2009 by the charity Lifeline revealed that ‘zimmies’ (from Zimovane) were a popular street drug in the north-east of England – sometimes in the form of 15 mg tablets not available in the UK, which suggests that they came from an internet pharmacy.

One interviewee said heavy zopiclone users ‘looked really evil’, with their bloodshot eyes, messy hair, untidy clothes, drooling mouth and drunken sailor’s gait. ‘Trying to sit down can take them half an hour – it has to be seen to be believed, if it wasn’t so sad it would be funny.’ No wonder my friends gave me a wide berth. But those were the worst cases. For regular all-night partygoers, ‘zimmies’ were something to help you come down after a night on stimulants.

I wonder if some of the NHS money is unwittingly being spent on zopiclone and other tranquillisers for the benefit of recreational users who need a post-binge downer and lie to their GPs about insomnia.

For legal reasons, I haven’t quoted the opinion of a hospital doctor who took part in the original trials of zopiclone in the 1980s and whom I talked to a few years later. Let’s just say that it was pretty harsh.

 


Posted in: Drugs, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

Ritalin and Adderall: fun recreational drugs handed out to nine-year-olds

Let’s get one thing straight about the Ritalin and Adderall that are taken by millions of schoolchildren in the Western world. They are not just amphetamines – that is, speed – but an especially mellow, user-friendly form of speed. They are highly prized recreational drugs. High school students prescribed them for ADD or ADHD have no problem at all selling them to classmates.

In The Fix I describe the time I took Adderall in America. It blew my head off – turned me into a gibbering (but happy) idiot:

The blues didn’t hit me until the next day – and took the best part of a week to banish.

And this is what they give to restless nine-year-olds. Defenders of the practice say kids with attention deficit who take Adderall and Ritalin, another amphetamine-based stimulant, are given the gift of concentration without the potentially addictive high. They don’t experience the chemical thrill I felt because their brain deficiency cancels out the chemical thrill I experienced.

I’ve always been suspicious of this argument, so I was interested to read, in January 2012, an article in the New York Times by L. Alan Sroufe, a retired professor of child psychology who has closely monitored the pharmaceutical treatment of children with ADD for over 30 years. Sroufe now believes that millions of children diagnosed with ADD are being treated for brain abnormalities that they don’t actually have – that their genuine behavioural problems, which like all behaviour are governed by the brain, are often induced by environmental factors. Yes, Adderall and Ritalin calmed them down in the classroom. But, said Sroufe, the drugs have the same effect on all children, not just those diagnosed with attention deficit.

Also, like anyone else who takes stimulant drugs, these children develop a tolerance to them. As he put it: ‘Many parents who take their children off the drugs find that behaviour worsens, which most likely confirms their belief that the drugs work. But the behaviour worsens because the children’s bodies have become adapted to the drug. Adults may have similar reactions if they suddenly cut back on coffee, or stop smoking.’

One can’t help suspecting that the children themselves worked out most of this a long time ago. They know Adderall and Ritalin can be used to get high. That’s why some of them claim to have ADD or ADHD: the symptoms aren’t exactly hard to fake, after all. And that’s why some kids with legitimate prescriptions are happy to sell their pills to classmates – or to let their mother or father ‘borrow’ a few. Older siblings, too, like to get hold of these drugs: what could be nicer than a mellow form of speed that enhances the experience of video games and sex?

 


Posted in: Drugs, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

Russell Brand gets it: booze and drugs are now part of the same experience

Unexpected good sense from Russell Brand at the House of Commons home affairs select committee on drugs. Sure, he flirted with the – unproven and misleading – notion of addiction as a “disease”, but he also said that alcohol and drugs were “inextricably linked”.

This is what middle-aged addiction experts so often get wrong. They remember their own university days, when drink and drugs were quite separate experiences, and taking an illegal drug (with the possible exception of a drag on a joint) was an adventure.

Not any more. I won’t have to tell anyone under the age of 30 this, but clubbing often involves a pre-planned trajectory of booze, powder and pills. It’s one of the themes of The Fix, in which I speak to a psychiatrist in the Accident and Emergency department of a London hospital whose job involves asking young patients about their drug and alcohol history.

‘As soon as they know I’m not going to rat on them, most of them admit to doing something – coke, MDMA, mephedrone, ketamine – in the previous few days,’ he says.

‘What the older generation doesn’t understand is that combining drugs and alcohol is normal for young clubbers. They might do a bit of coke before they go out, or “pre-loading” with a few drinks, then go to a bar and get drunk, do a line of coke in the loos and stop drinking. If they go on to a club they’ll drop a pill – or maybe pure MDMA, because no one trusts Ecstasy these days. They don’t know what’s in it. The last thing they want to do then is drink and many of the clubs won’t even serve alcohol anyway. Then they go back to someone’s house and want to come down, so they use Zopiclone, Zolpidem or Valium.’

Much more on this in the book…


Posted in: Booze, Drugs, Pills

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.

If you think addiction is an incurable disease, answer this question

Addicts love, just love, being told they have a disease. Or, better still, in the words of the American Society of Addiction Medicine:

…a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry.

And it’s incurable. So if that’s what you’re suffering from, no wonder you say ‘Okay, I’ll have another pint/line/cupcake’ when temptation rears its head. How can you be expected to say no when all that ‘related circuitry’ is kicking in?

Here’s my rough and ready translation of ‘primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry’: This is not your fault. Your ‘disease’ left you no choice, whether you’re addicted to bourbon, crystal meth or Krispy Kreme. That’s what you’ll be told if you attend Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous or any other 12-step group.

But there’s a problem here. Many of the people in ‘the rooms’ have stopped drinking, taking drugs, binge eating or whatever without any medical intervention whatsoever. And lots of them don’t relapse. (Me, for example: gave up booze 18 years ago, haven’t gone back to it.)

So here’s my question: is there any other ‘primary, chronic disease’ whose sufferers can cure themselves without medical intervention?


Posted in: Booze, Cupcakes, Disease, Drugs, Eating, Gaming, Pills, Porn, Shopping, Tech

The Fix: How Addiction Is Invading Our Lives And Taking Over Your World is OUT NOW, published by Collins. Click here to buy your copy in hardcover or on Kindle.